A convincing story deserves a difficult question.

We examine the strongest case for a market belief, then look for the evidence that could change it.

See how we test a claim

Establish the claim

Identify who is making the argument, the evidence behind it, and its assumptions.

Put it under pressure

Consider competing explanations, uncomfortable observations, and the limits of the data.

Show what survives

State the conclusion, its uncertainty, and what would change our view.

Research, when it is ready

Our public research library is taking shape.

No research articles have been published here yet. In the meantime, explore the questions we ask and the standards we use to evaluate evidence.

Read our approach or review our editorial standards.